Is There
A Double Standard?
Finding what people think about
sexually active individuals


Research Methods Project
October 1999

Report prepared by
Emily Cannon and Sarah Swain
Psychology
Kenyon 6th


Introduction

Today's youth must confront many issues, such as drug use, violence, and social pressures. Whether derived from their upbringing, social circle, or life experiences, they all have very strong opinions on sexuality issues. These issues range from sexual orientation the problems of teenage pregnancy and STDs, but we decided to find out how individuals view virginity. Our common perception was that of a negative connotation being attached to individuals who had chosen to have premarital sex, be promiscuous, or be particularly forthright about sex around their peers. Believing this perception might be changing, we hypothesized that many individuals would prove to be somewhat accepting of some aspects yet hypocritically denounce some behavior.


Method

We devised a nine-question survey to gather information and planned to distribute it to various classes at the high school to obtain stratified results based on age. The actual wording of the survey was as follows:

Fig. 1: The survey


Anonymous Sexuality Survey

Please answer the following questions thoughtfully and honestly, then return the sheet to

  1. Age: ________
  2. Gender: Male Female
  3. Are you sexually active? Yes No
  4. How do you feel other people should value virginity?
    1 2 3 4 5
    Not at all Very Much
  5. How do you feel a person you would date should value virginity?
    1 2 3 4 5
    Not at all Very Much
  6. How do you value virginity?
    1 2 3 4 5
    Not at all Very Much
  7. Should virginity be valued the same for people of both genders?
    Yes No
  8. What term(s) would you apply to the following people?
    Girls who have lost their virginity _________________________________
    Girls who have had multiple partners _________________________________
    Girls who flaunt their sexuality _________________________________
    Boys who have lost their virginity _________________________________
    Boys who have had multiple partners _________________________________
    Boys who flaunt their sexuality _________________________________
  9. Does gender play a role in how you responded?
    Yes No
Comments:




Unfortunately, due to the "controversial" nature of the survey, the administration refused to permit that. Instead, the survey was converted to a web form, available at http://home.earthlink.net/~tonsai/survey.html. The form used a CGI script that emailed responses to the researchers without revealing subjects' personal data or identifying characteristics (i.e., IP address, e-mail address, or name).

Through this website, we received a total of 24 responses: 12 males, 11 females, one unknown, and an age range from 13 to 25.


Results

A few background statistics:

Males who responded to this survey were on the average older than females-their median age was 19, while the median female age was 15. About 67% of male respondents were sexually active (one declined to say), while only about 36% of females were.

  1. Did sexual experience color the way respondents valued virginity?

    This was calculated by comparing the average value of virginity (for other people, people respondents would date, and respondents themselves) and whether or not they were sexually active. The value of virginity between those who had and had not lost their virginity was actually quite close-but 3.18 was the average for sexually active people and 3.47 was the average for non-sexually active people. From this data, we can conclude that sexually active people generally value virginity somewhat less.

  2. Is there a "double standard"?

    First, "double standard" must be defined. For our purposes, a double standard is when a respondent (1) values their own virginity more or less than they feel others should, (2) values their own virginity more or less than they feel someone they would date should, or (3) does not believe virginity should be valued the same for people of both genders. For simplicity's sake, we did not consider gender separately for these statistics.

    Definition 1: 42% of respondents had a double standard in valuing their own virginity more or less than others'. Of these, 80% valued their own less than others', while 20% valued others' less than their own.

    Definition 2: 42% of respondents had a double standard in valuing their own virginity more or less than someone's they would date. Of these, 70% valued their own less, while 30% valued their own more.

    Definition 3: Only about 17% of respondents had a double standard regarding the value of virginity between genders.

    From this data, we can conclude that while a majority of the population does not have a double standard, one is certainly still present in a significant percentage of the population.

  3. How did respondents view sexually active people, and does this illustrate a double standard?

    Obviously, we need to add a fourth definition of double standard: Respondents use negative terms to describe sexually active females but positive or neutral terms for males (or vice versa). Due to the nature of our survey, this was broken down into several categories:

    Females vs. Males who have lost their virginity-Respondents were generally more forgiving of this group in both genders. Most used neutral terms like "sexually active female/male" to describe them. The few who had something non-neutral to say about females generally questioned their motives-"[They] have often done so for the wrong reasons," said one female-or were caught up in age- "slutty (at my age)" and "under 14 [is a] slut," specifically. Non-neutral terms for males, however, were somewhat cynical, such as "lucky" and "[They are] considered 'men.'" One clever 18-year-old colloquially responded, "bout it bout it."

    Females vs. Males who have had multiple partners-Respondents' answers here were more varied. About 58% of all the terms were neutral in nature, although females were somewhat more often described neutrally. Of females, 33% of responses were negative with words like "slut," "bitch," "whore," and "terrible" mentioned. A single response (4%) was positive: "on their way," said a 17- year-old male. For males, 33% of responses were also negative with words like "jerk," "liar," and "player" tossed around. One 17-year-old female stated that they often "don't associate sex and love." Three responses (12%) were difficult to define as positive, negative, or neutral: a 14-year-old girl called males "precocious," while a 15-year-old male called them "lucky." One 18-year-old simply said, "Come on, I'm a guy."

    Fig. 2: Graph of nature of responses for multiple partners


    Fig. 2: Graph of nature of responses for multiple partners

    Females vs. Males who flaunt their sexuality-Responses here were even more divided. For females, 29% were neutral, 50% were negative, and 21% were positive. Negative descriptions included "undesireable," "slut," "whore," "easy," "tease," "hooch," and "too outgoing." A 17-year-old female observed that they were "possibly misguided," while an apparently fed-up 14-year-old female suggested that they "shut the f--- up." On the positive side, however, respondents called them "nice" and "self-confident."
       For males, 33% of responses were neutral, 50% were negative, and 17% were positive. Negative descriptions included "eurotrash," "repugnant," "asshole," "testosterone freak," "male-slut," "goon," and "faggot." A 17-year- old female stated that they followed "cultural stereotypes."

    Fig. 3: Graph of nature of responses for flaunting sexuality


    Fig. 3: Graph of nature of responses for flaunting sexuality

    From this data, we can conclude that when there is a double standard, which this does not strongly support, it is in favor of females.


Discussion

We expected more people to show a gross double standard against females, which, although it was disproved here, might still show up in a larger sample. We also noticed that there was an interesting, however slight, correlation between age/gender and a double standard. There was simply not enough data to really back this up in a report of this size, however.

The last question on the survey, "Does gender play a role in how you responded?" garnered seemingly non-sequitur responses. Several people commented that gender played a role in the sense that they called the person a sexually active male or female, nor was it really supported by the respondents' other answers. Therefore, those responses were not used in analyzing the data.

Were we to redo this survey, we would definitely try to get a larger, more stratified sample in order to confirm/deny a few more suspicions. Some of these were brought up because of this data (i.e., that age and gender together have a strong correlation to how virginity is viewed), but there were not enough similar respondents to really get a good idea.

Many people also commented with "advice" or other interesting/entertaining thoughts, which is what really made the survey worthwhile. A 14-year-old girl, worried about all those sex partners a few abstract individuals had had, exclaimed, "All I have to say is protection, protection, protection!" A 15-year-old girl gave this anecdote: "There is a guy who sits behind me in math who is always talking about some girls who are giving him 'head,' and when he found out that there's a test tomorrow, [he] started saying, and I quote, 'Ah, sh--. Forget studying, I'm going to get laid tonight.' I don't like very many guys, especially guys like that." She later also referred to herself as "sexist," and guessed that she had "some higher standards for girls, being one and all."

A few people were just a bit random, in our opinion. A 13-year-old girl said of girls who have lost their virginity, "If they are over 18, it's all right, as long as it's safe and they have made sure they are not passing crabs or anything like that." An 18-year-old boy whined, "Well, I want someone to love me, to have sex with. I have had an offer, but I really am not the kind of guy to jump in someone's bed. You know the saying, 'Nice guys finish last'? Well, it's true!" But the prize-winning random comment goes to an 18-year-old who said, "Just don't hate the playa, hate the game". . . whatever that means.